Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women of reproductive age. Despite how widespread it is, many women go years without a diagnosis. The condition can affect not just your menstrual cycle, but your skin, fertility, weight, and long-term health.

Let’s break down what PCOS really is, how to recognise it, and what you can do about it—naturally and with medical support.

What Is PCOS?

PCOS stands for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. It’s a hormonal disorder in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens (male hormones) and may contain multiple small cysts.

Despite its name, not all women with PCOS have cysts. The key issues often revolve around hormonal imbalance, irregular ovulation, and insulin resistance.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

PCOS symptoms can vary, but here are some of the most common:

  • Irregular periods or no periods at all

  • Excess hair growth on the face, chest, or back (hirsutism)

  • Acne, especially on the jawline and back

  • Weight gain or difficulty losing weight

  • Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp

  • Dark patches of skin (especially around the neck, groin, or under the breasts)

  • Difficulty getting pregnant

  • Mood swings or depression

What Causes PCOS?

The exact cause of PCOS is still unknown, but several factors play a role:

1. Hormonal Imbalance

PCOS is marked by high levels of androgens, which can interfere with the normal development of eggs and ovulation.

2. Insulin Resistance

Many women with PCOS have trouble using insulin effectively. This can lead to weight gain and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

3. Genetics

PCOS tends to run in families. If your mother or sister has it, your risk may be higher.

How Is PCOS Diagnosed?

There’s no single test for PCOS. Diagnosis is based on:

  • Medical history

  • Physical exam

  • Pelvic ultrasound (to check for cysts or enlarged ovaries)

  • Blood tests (to check hormone levels and insulin)

You may be diagnosed with PCOS if you have at least two of the following three:

  1. Irregular or absent ovulation

  2. Signs of excess androgens (symptoms or blood tests)

  3. Polycystic ovaries seen on ultrasound

Can PCOS Be Cured?

There’s no cure for PCOS, but the condition can be managed effectively. Many women go on to live healthy lives and even conceive with the right support.

How to Manage PCOS Naturally

1. Eat a Balanced, Low-Glycaemic Diet

  • Focus on whole foods like vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats.

  • Reduce processed sugars and refined carbs to support insulin sensitivity.

2. Exercise Regularly

  • Aim for 30 minutes of activity most days: walking, strength training, or yoga.

  • Exercise helps balance hormones, reduce insulin resistance, and manage weight.

3. Maintain a Healthy Weight

  • Even modest weight loss (5–10%) can improve symptoms and fertility.

4. Manage Stress

  • PCOS is linked to higher cortisol levels.

  • Use tools like mindfulness, therapy, or journaling to reduce stress.

5. Sleep Well

  • Aim for 7–9 hours of quality sleep. Poor sleep can worsen insulin resistance and hormone imbalances.

Medical Treatments for PCOS

If lifestyle changes alone aren’t enough, doctors may recommend:

  • Hormonal birth control: To regulate periods and reduce androgen symptoms.

  • Metformin: A medication to improve insulin sensitivity.

  • Fertility treatments: For those trying to conceive.

  • Anti-androgens: To reduce hair growth and acne.

Always consult a healthcare provider for a treatment plan tailored to your symptoms and goals.

Long-Term Risks of Untreated PCOS

  • Infertility

  • Type 2 diabetes

  • High blood pressure

  • Endometrial cancer

  • Sleep apnoea

  • Depression and anxiety

Early diagnosis and management reduce these risks significantly.

Final Thoughts

PCOS is more than just a reproductive condition—it’s a lifelong hormonal disorder that affects many aspects of health.

The good news? With the right combination of lifestyle changes and medical support, PCOS can be managed—and you can feel better, regain hormonal balance, and improve your quality of life.

Listen to your body. Don’t ignore irregular cycles or unexplained symptoms. Speak to a doctor, get tested, and take action. You’re not alone—and you’re not powerless.